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            "module": "~",
            "line": 0,
            "function": "<method 'append' of 'list' objects>",
            "primitive_calls": 5000,
            "total_calls": 5000,
            "self_seconds": 0.000979828,
            "cumulative_seconds": 0.000979828
          },
          {
            "module": "~",
            "line": 0,
            "function": "<built-in method builtins.iter>",
            "primitive_calls": 6000,
            "total_calls": 6000,
            "self_seconds": 0.0009364390000000001,
            "cumulative_seconds": 0.0009364390000000001
          },
          {
            "module": "~",
            "line": 0,
            "function": "<method 'update' of 'set' objects>",
            "primitive_calls": 2000,
            "total_calls": 2000,
            "self_seconds": 0.000917556,
            "cumulative_seconds": 0.000917556
          }
        ],
        "scope": "profiled NumPy RHS only; not unprofiled latency"
      }
    }
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "Unchanged separate-process handwritten controls varied substantially: these rows do not support precise causal speedup or cross-backend comparisons.",
    "Paired follow-up isolates warm flat/structured NumPy RHS factories on one common plan. It does not measure compiler construction, full solver, memory, training or CUDA gains.",
    "Shared host; three processes per case. Paired samples within each process are not independent replicates. Whole-worker RSS is retained in separate-process rows without a memory-reduction claim."
  ]
}